noun #199

castrum

gen. castri · gender neuter · decl. 2nd

kindred with casa, q. v..

any fortified place; a castle; fort; fortress •

In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum): ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc., Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin.—

Esp., nom. propr.

Esp., nom. propr.

Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—

an ancient city of the Rutuli; near Ardea •

Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775; called Castrum, Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —

a city on the seacoast of Etruria

Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—

on the sea-coast of Picenum; Giulia Nova

Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—

a maritime city of Picenum; on the river Truentus •

Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1; also called Truentum, Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—

a fortress of the Bergistani in; Berga

Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.,

In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. (castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap.…

In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. (castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).

several soldiers; tents situated together;; a military camp •

Lit., several soldiers' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata); later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation, Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate; Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp, Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—

Phrases.

crescent-shaped; numerals ••

With adj.: stativa, occupied for a long time, permanent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21: aestiva, summer camp, id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1: hiberna, Liv. 29, 35, 13 (more freq. absol. aestiva and hiberna, q. v.): navalia, an encampment on the shore for protecting the fleet and the troops while landing; sometimes connected with the ships drawn to land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13; called also nautica, Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, crescent-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals: una, Tac. A. 4, 2: bina, Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3: quina, Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—

verb; to march forth from a camp •••

With verb: locum castris antecapere, Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.: capere locum castris, Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15; and montes castris capere, Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.: facere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.: ponere, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.: ponere et munire, Sall. J. 75, 7: munire, Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1: communire, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3: castra castris conferre, id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9: castris se tenere, Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8: castra movere, to break up, to decamp, id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48: movere retro, Liv. 2, 58, 3: removere, id. 9, 24, 4: proferre, Caes. B. C. 1, 81: castris castra inferre, Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—

the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome

Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or simply Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome, Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —

a surname of Caligula; who was brought up in the camp; an appellation of Faustina

Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses.—

Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.

Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.

on the north coast of Africa; near Utica

Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—

in Lusitania

Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—

a seaport town in Bruttium

Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—

a place in Grecian Illyria

Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—

a place on the Lower Rhine; Xanthen

Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—

a district in Egypt

Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—

by metonymy

a day ••

Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day's march: secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium, Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.: alteris castris, Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.— So tertiis castris, Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71: quartis castris, Liv. 44, 46, 10: quintis castris, Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4: septimis castris, id. 40, 22, 1: decimis castris, id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—

Military service •

Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39: qui magnum in castris usum habebant, Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—

beehives •

Of beehives: cerea, Verg. A. 12, 589: in apium castris, Pall. 1, 37, 4.—

a sheepfold

Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—

political parties •

Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility: si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris, Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—

philosophical sects •

Of philosophical sects: Epicuri castra, Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1: O castra praeclara (Epicuri)! id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4.

Perseus ID: n7012 Key: castrum